Estuary: A Low Cross-Shard Blockchain Sharding Protocol Based on State Splitting

doi:10.1109/TPDS.2024.3351632

	Estuary: A Low Cross-Shard Blockchain Sharding Protocol Based on State Splitting
	Jia, Linpeng 1; Liu, Yanxiu 1,2; Wang, Keyuan 1,2; Sun, Yi 1,2
	2024-03-01
发表期刊	IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS
ISSN	1045-9219
卷号	35 期号:3 页码:405-420
摘要	Sharding is one of the most promising technologies for significantly increasing blockchain transaction throughput. However, as the number of shards increases, the ratio of cross-shard transactions in existing blockchain sharding protocols gradually approaches 100%. Since cross-shard transactions consume many times more resources than intra-shard transactions, the processing overhead of cross-shard transactions already accounts for the majority of the total overhead of the sharding system. There is a very large gap between the transaction throughput of the sharding system and its theoretical upper limit. In this article, we propose Estuary, a novel low cross-shard blockchain sharding protocol. Taking the state model as an entry point, Estuary designs a multi-level state model and state splitting and aggregation mechanism. It decouples the identity and quantity of state units, enabling transactions between users to be completed within one shard. Only when the state quantity for all shards of a user is insufficient a small number of cross-shard transactions are required. On this basis, we propose a community overlap propagation algorithm for sharding. It defines the users' belonging coefficients of each shard and optimizes the state distribution so that the state distribution can better match the transaction characteristics between users. Finally, we develop an analysis framework for the sharding protocol and experiment with real Bitcoin transactions. The evaluation results show that compared to the state-of-the-art sharding protocol, Estuary reduces the ratio of cross-shard transactions by 88.54% and achieves more than 1.85 times the throughput improvement (92.98% of the theoretical upper limit).
关键词	Sharding Protocols Throughput Blockchains Estuaries Sun Receivers Blockchain low cross-shard sharding state model
DOI	10.1109/TPDS.2024.3351632
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Natural Science Foundation of China
WOS研究方向	Computer Science ; Engineering
WOS类目	Computer Science, Theory & Methods ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
WOS记录号	WOS:001166588300001
出版者	IEEE COMPUTER SOC
引用统计	被引频次：2[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.204/handle/2XEOYT63/38845
专题	中国科学院计算技术研究所期刊论文_英文
通讯作者	Sun, Yi
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Comp Technol, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Sch Comp Sci & Technol, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Jia, Linpeng,Liu, Yanxiu,Wang, Keyuan,et al. Estuary: A Low Cross-Shard Blockchain Sharding Protocol Based on State Splitting[J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS,2024,35(3):405-420.
APA	Jia, Linpeng,Liu, Yanxiu,Wang, Keyuan,&Sun, Yi.(2024).Estuary: A Low Cross-Shard Blockchain Sharding Protocol Based on State Splitting.IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS,35(3),405-420.
MLA	Jia, Linpeng,et al."Estuary: A Low Cross-Shard Blockchain Sharding Protocol Based on State Splitting".IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PARALLEL AND DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS 35.3(2024):405-420.