ATOM: Architectural Support and Optimization Mechanism for Smart Contract Fast Update and Execution in Blockchain-Based IoT

doi:10.1109/JIOT.2021.3106942

	ATOM: Architectural Support and Optimization Mechanism for Smart Contract Fast Update and Execution in Blockchain-Based IoT
	Li, Tao 1,2,3; Fang, Yaozheng 1,3; Jian, Zhaolong 1,3; Xie, Xueshuo 1,3; Lu, Ye 1,2,3; Wang, Guiling 4
	2022-06-01
发表期刊	IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
ISSN	2327-4662
卷号	9 期号:11 页码:7959-7971
摘要	Blockchain-based Internet of Things (BC-IoT) brings the advantages of blockchain into traditional IoT systems. In BC-IoT, the smart contract has been widely used for automatic, trusted, and decentralized applications. Smart contracts require frequent adjust and fast update due to various reasons, such as inevitable code bugs, changes of applications, or security requirements. However, previous smart contract architecture and updating mechanism are low speed and cause high overhead, because they are based on recompilation and redeployment in BC-IoT. Meanwhile, smart contract execution is so time consuming due to contract instruction dispatching and operand loading in the stack-based Ethereum virtual machine (EVM). To address these issues, we propose a new smart contract architecture and optimization mechanism for BC-IoTs, ATOM, which provides architectural supports to update contract economically and fast executing in instructionwise for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. We design a compact Application-oriented Instruction (AoI) set to describe application operations. We can construct the bytecode of smart contract from application by directly assembling templates prebuilt upon the AoIs rather than by compilation. We also present an optimized mechanism for AoI execution to enable access addressable storage place rather than the indirect access through stack. We perform ATOM on a BC-IoT testbed based on private Ethereum and Hyperledger Burrow. The experimental results highlight that ATOM is more efficient than state-of-the-art approaches. ATOM can reduce update latency by 62.7%, ledger size by 70%, and gas usage by 90% on average, respectively. Compared with the traditional smart contract architecture, ATOM can improve EVM Memory access efficiency significantly by up to 10x and achieve improvement of execution efficiency with up to 1.6 x.
关键词	Ethereum virtual machine (EVM) smart contract
DOI	10.1109/JIOT.2021.3106942
收录类别	SCI
语种	英语
资助项目	National Key Research and Development Program of China[2018YFB2100300] ; Zhejiang Lab[2021KF0AB04] ; Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin[20JCZDJC00610] ; Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin[19JCQNJC00600] ; State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture (ICT, CAS)[CARCHB202016] ; State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture (ICT, CAS)[CARCH201905] ; National Natural Science Foundation[62002175]
WOS研究方向	Computer Science ; Engineering ; Telecommunications
WOS类目	Computer Science, Information Systems ; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic ; Telecommunications
WOS记录号	WOS:000800215600013
出版者	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
引用统计	被引频次：7[WOS] [WOS记录] [WOS相关记录]
文献类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.204/handle/2XEOYT63/19589
专题	中国科学院计算技术研究所期刊论文_英文
通讯作者	Lu, Ye
作者单位	1.Nankai Univ, Coll Comp Sci, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China 2.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Comp Technol, State Key Lab Comp Architecture, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China 3.Tianjin Key Lab Network & Data Sci Technol, Tianjin 300350, Peoples R China 4.New Jersey Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Li, Tao,Fang, Yaozheng,Jian, Zhaolong,et al. ATOM: Architectural Support and Optimization Mechanism for Smart Contract Fast Update and Execution in Blockchain-Based IoT[J]. IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL,2022,9(11):7959-7971.
APA	Li, Tao,Fang, Yaozheng,Jian, Zhaolong,Xie, Xueshuo,Lu, Ye,&Wang, Guiling.(2022).ATOM: Architectural Support and Optimization Mechanism for Smart Contract Fast Update and Execution in Blockchain-Based IoT.IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL,9(11),7959-7971.
MLA	Li, Tao,et al."ATOM: Architectural Support and Optimization Mechanism for Smart Contract Fast Update and Execution in Blockchain-Based IoT".IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL 9.11(2022):7959-7971.